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EJB(Enterprise JavaBean)是SUN服务器端组件模型,是J2EE的一部分,基于EJB技术,可以开分布式应用程序。
Jbuilder是一个非常理想的EJB开发工具,在现在这么多免费的开发工具前面,Borland还有一定的市场,可见Jbuilder还是有非常明显的优势。
MyEclipse是一个基于Eclipse的开发工具,这个开发工具也很便宜,官方报价也就29.9美元,算是非常便宜的一个工具了,现在国内很多做Java开发的程序都是使用这个工具。
EJB的开发需要有J2EE应用服务器的支持,注意:Tomcat只是一个Servlet容器,不是一个J2EE应用服务器。本次例子使用的是开源的Jboss4.x
Jboss应用服务器的下载地址:http://www.jboss.org
下面介绍如何基于MyEclipse开发无状态的SessionBean。
第一步,配置J2EE应用服务器:
点击Windows?Preferences,在弹出的对话框当中选择MyEclipse-->Jboss-->Jboss 4.x

将Jboss Sever状态改为Enable
Jboss home directory改为Jboss的安装路径
JDK改为系统的JDK路径,注意,Jboss 4使用的是Tomcat5.5内核,Tomcat5.5运行需要有JDK的支持。
最后,点击OK按钮
第二步,创建一个EJB工程:

点击Next>按钮,在Project Name当中输入EJBTraining,或者输入你喜欢的工程名。如下图所示:

在Package Explorer可以看到工程的目录:

第三步,新建一个SessionBean

点击Next>

在Package上填入zizz.ejb(一般企业做开发的时候都有一定的命名规范,一般喜欢以ejb结尾)
在Name上填入UserServiceBean(一个EJB Bean一般情况是以Bean结尾,特别是在Eclipse开发框架下,因为是使用Xdoclet来生成代码的)
在EJB类型上选择Stateless,表示无状态会话Bean
在Select the access of the EJB上面选择Remote
选上ejbCreate() method
系统生成的UserServiceBean如下:

程序代码
package zizz.ejb;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import javax.ejb.EJBException;
import javax.ejb.SessionBean;
import javax.ejb.SessionContext;
import javax.ejb.CreateException;
/**
* XDoclet-based session bean. The class must be declared
* public according to the EJB specification.
*
* To generate the EJB related files to this EJB:
* - Add Standard EJB module to XDoclet project properties
* - Customize XDoclet configuration for your appserver
* - Run XDoclet
*
* Below are the xdoclet-related tags needed for this EJB.
*
* @ejb.bean name="UserService"
* display-name="Name for UserService"
* description="Description for UserService"
* jndi-name="ejb/UserService"
* type="Stateless"
* view-type="remote"
*/
public class UserServiceBean implements SessionBean {
/** The session context */
private SessionContext context;
public UserServiceBean() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public void ejbActivate() throws EJBException, RemoteException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public void ejbPassivate() throws EJBException, RemoteException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public void ejbRemove() throws EJBException, RemoteException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* Set the associated session context. The container calls this method
* after the instance creation.
*
* The enterprise bean instance should store the reference to the context
* object in an instance variable.
*
* This method is called with no transaction context.
*
* @throws EJBException Thrown if method fails due to system-level error.
*/
public void setSessionContext(SessionContext newContext)
throws EJBException {
context = newContext;
}
/**
* An ejbCreate method as required by the EJB specification.
*
* The container calls the instance?s <code>ejbCreate</code> method whose
* signature matches the signature of the <code>create</code> method invoked
* by the client. The input parameters sent from the client are passed to
* the <code>ejbCreate</code> method. Each session bean class must have at
* least one <code>ejbCreate</code> method. The number and signatures
* of a session bean?s <code>create</code> methods are specific to each
* session bean class.
*
* @throws CreateException Thrown if method fails due to system-level error.
*
* @ejb.create-method
*
*/
public void ejbCreate() throws CreateException {
// TODO Add ejbCreate method implementation
}
/**
* An example business method
*
* @ejb.interface-method view-type = "remote"
*
* @throws EJBException Thrown if method fails due to system-level error.
*/
public void replaceWithRealBusinessMethod() throws EJBException {
// rename and start putting your business logic here
}
}
将replaceWithRealBusinessMethod方法改为具体的业务方法,修改完的业务方法如下:

程序代码
package zizz[color=#0000ff].ejb;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.ejb.CreateException;
import javax.ejb.EJBException;
import javax.ejb.SessionBean;
import javax.ejb.SessionContext;
import zizz.model.User;
/**
* XDoclet-based session bean. The class must be declared
* public according to the EJB specification.
*
* To generate the EJB related files to this EJB:
* - Add Standard EJB module to XDoclet project properties
* - Customize XDoclet configuration for your appserver
* - Run XDoclet
*
* Below are the xdoclet-related tags needed for this EJB.
*
* @ejb.bean name="UserService"
* display-name="Name for UserService"
* description="Description for UserService"
* jndi-name="ejb/UserService"
* type="Stateless"
* view-type="remote"
*/
public class UserServiceBean implements SessionBean {
/** The session context */
private SessionContext context;
public UserServiceBean() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public void ejbActivate() throws EJBException, RemoteException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public void ejbPassivate() throws EJBException, RemoteException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public void ejbRemove() throws EJBException, RemoteException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* Set the associated session context. The container calls this method
* after the instance creation.
*
* The enterprise bean instance should store the reference to the context
* object in an instance variable.
*
* This method is called with no transaction context.
*
* @throws EJBException Thrown if method fails due to system-level error.
*/
public void setSessionContext(SessionContext newContext)
throws EJBException {
context = newContext;
}
/**
* An ejbCreate method as required by the EJB specification.
*
* The container calls the instance?s <code>ejbCreate</code> method whose
* signature matches the signature of the <code>create</code> method invoked
* by the client. The input parameters sent from the client are passed to
* the <code>ejbCreate</code> method. Each session bean class must have at
* least one <code>ejbCreate</code> method. The number and signatures
* of a session bean?s <code>create</code> methods are specific to each
* session bean class.
*
* @throws CreateException Thrown if method fails due to system-level error.
*
* @ejb.create-method
*
*/
public void ejbCreate() throws CreateException {
// TODO Add ejbCreate method implementation
}
/**
* An example business method
*
* @ejb.interface-method view-type = "remote"
*
* @throws EJBException Thrown if method fails due to system-level error.
*/
public List listAllUsers() throws EJBException {
List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();
User user1 = new User();
user1.setId(1);
user1.setName("达闻西");
user1.setLoginId("dwx");
users.add(user1);
User user2 = new User();
user2.setId(2);
user2.setName("零零漆");
user2.setLoginId("007");
users.add(user2);
return users;
}
}
[/color]
User实体为:

程序代码
package zizz.model;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
*
* ZIZZ,该对象用以网络传输,必须实现串行化接口.
* @author ZIZZ.
* @version Create Date: 2007-12-5 下午05:29:10.
*/
public class User implements Serializable{
/**
* serialVersionUID
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2176183120082246628L;
private int id;
private String name;
private String loginId;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLoginId() {
return loginId;
}
public void setLoginId(String loginId) {
this.loginId = loginId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
其中@ejb.interface-method view-type = "remote"这些XDolect注解不应该删除,因为一会还需要靠XDolect生成代码。
第四步,配置XDolect
点击工程右键,选择Properties

将弹出工程属性对话框,在弹出的对话框当中选择Xdolect,如下图所示

点击Add Standard按钮,在弹出的对话框当中选择Stardard EJB,最后点击OK按钮,如下图所示:

点击Standard EJB,在下面将会出来ejbdolect的选择项,将不必要的选择项目删,如下图所示:

删完后的配置项为:

接着,点击ejbdolect,右键,选择Add

在弹出的对象框当中选择jboss,最后,点击ok按钮

接着需要配置jboss的配置,点击jboss,在加边的配置项当中做如下的修改
Version定义为:4.0
destDir定义为:src/META-INF
最后,点击OK
第五步,生成代码:
在工程上右键,选择MyEclipse?Run Xdolect

工程新的目录结构:

此时,我们的EJB程序就开发得差不多了,接着来,进行发布
第五步:发布应用程序(发布跟发布应用程序一样,详细可以参考)
http://www.suneca.com/article.asp?id=18

第六步,启动Jboss应用服务器
在控制台上,可以看到这样提示信息:

程序代码
12:44:48,375 INFO [EjbModule] Deploying UserService
12:44:48,703 INFO [ProxyFactory] Bound EJB Home 'UserService' to jndi 'ejb/UserService'
到此,我们的EJB组件已经发布成功了,接下来,我们需要开发一个客户端来验证一下我们的EJB组件的有效性。
我们需要对对model对象及接口(即远程接口跟本地接口)打一个包,然后将打的这个包存存放于客户端的classpath当中。
第七步,打包:
点击File-->Export,在弹出的对象框当中选择JAR file,如下图所示:

点击Next>,将弹出如下的对话框

在JAR file输入框当中输入:c:\UserServiceClient.jar,表示在c盘下生成一个UserServiceClient的jar文件。
第八步,创建一个客户端工程
将UserServiceClient.jar及jbossall-client.jar文件加入到客户端工程的classpath当中。
第九步,编程测试客户端
创建一个测试类,比如叫UserServiceClient.java,调用服务器的组件,
UserServiceClient内容如下:

程序代码
package zizz.ejb.client;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.ejb.CreateException;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import zizz.interfaces.UserService;
import zizz.interfaces.UserServiceHome;
import zizz.model.User;
/**
*
* 该程序用于调用服务器端的组件.
*
* @author ZIZZ.
* @version Create Date: 2007-12-6 下午02:06:00.
*/
public class UserServiceClient {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
//设置Context工厂,不同应用服务器设置不同
Properties env = new Properties();
env.setProperty(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,"org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContextFactory");
env.setProperty(Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, "org.jboss.naming.client");
// 设置jnp地址
env.setProperty(Context.PROVIDER_URL, "jnp://localhost:1099");
try {
//得到Context
Context enc = new InitialContext(env);
//得到本地接口
UserServiceHome home = (UserServiceHome) enc.lookup("ejb/UserService");
//得到远程对象
UserService userService = home.create();
//调用远程对象的方法
List users = userService.listAllUsers();
Iterator iter = users.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
User user = (User) iter.next();
System.out.println(user.getName());
}
} catch (NamingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CreateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}